Expansion: Big Bang or Stretching? 5
Spiral Galaxies. If spiral galaxies formed billions of years ago, the
arms of spiral galaxies should be wrapped more tightly around their
respective galaxies than they are. Also, nearer galaxies should show
considerably more =93wrap=94 than more distant spiral galaxies. However,
if space was stretched out recently, spiral galaxies could appear as
they do.
Heavy Elements in Stars. According to the big bang theory, there are
three generations of stars, each with increasing amounts of heavy
elements. The first generation would have contained only hydrogen and
helium. After hundreds of millions of years, second-generation stars
would begin forming with heavier elements made inside first-generation
stars that later exploded. Although some first-generation stars should
still be visible, not one has ever been found. According to the
stretching explanation, stars have always had some heavier chemical
elements. Telescopes that can see the farthest back in time see stars,
galaxies, and quasars containing these heavier chemical elements.
Stellar Velocities. Stars in the outer parts of spiral galaxies
travel much faster than they should based on physical laws. However,
if only thousands of years ago those stars were nearer the centers of
their galaxies before the heavens were stretched out, they could have
had the higher speeds we see. Those speeds would remain even after the
heavens were stretched out. (So-called dark matter, which has not been
directly measured or detected, would not need to be imagined to
explain these velocities.)
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